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阻断血红素氧合酶-1对急性肺损伤大鼠肺细胞凋亡及损伤的影响

时间:2010-08-24 11:35:35  来源:  作者:

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Effects of heme oxygenase-1 blocked on lung cells apoptosis and injury of rat with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

 

徐鑫荣,刘少华,马可,许 兵

南京医科大学第一附属医院ICU,南京 210029

Xin-rong Xu,Shao-hua Liu,Ke Ma,et al. Intensive Care Unit,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medicial University,Nanjing 210029,China

 

Abstract

  Objective:To observe the effects of heme oxygenase1 (HO1) blocked on lung cells apoptosis and injury in rat with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

  Methods:18 male Sprague-Dawley rat was randomly divided into three groups. ALI group received LPS 5 mg/kg1 by intravenous,Control group received normal saline,zinc protoporphrin (ZnPP) pre-treatment group injected LPS 5 mg/kg1 10 min after received ZnPP 10 umol/kg. The animal was sarcificed by exsanguinations and lung tissue was harvested at 3 h after treatment for determining the heme oxygenase1 mRNA with semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (SqRT-PCR). The extent of cell apoptosis was shown by using the flow cytometric method. Pathology changes was interpreted and evaluated by histologist. Arterial blood was used for assay blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level.

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  Results:The HO1 mRNA,COHb,cells apoptosis and injury score of ALI group was significant increase compared with control group [(1.00±0.00),(0.82±0.43)%,(0.12±0.03)%、(0.26±0.24),all P<0.05],accompanied by severe lung injury. HO1 mRNA,COHb of ZnPP pre-treatment group [(1.40±0.19),(0.71±0.52)%] was decreased and cells apoptosis,injury score [(9.15±1.56)%,(6.92±2.37)] was increased than that of ALI group [(3.08±0.82),(1.34±0.61)%,(3.18±0.51)%,(3.74±0.82)all P<0.05],lung injury was further aggravated.

  Conclusion: HO-1 may play an antagonistic to cells apoptosis and amelioration injury in rat with ALI induced by LPS.

  Keywords:Acute lung injury;Heme oxygenase1;Apoptosis;Rat

  Corresponding Author:xin-rong Xu;njmubxu@163.com

 

  急性肺损伤(ALI)病程中,肺泡上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞广泛受损和过度凋亡,诱发肺泡水肿、出血和萎陷,导致顽固性低氧血症[1]。研究表明,脂多糖(LPS)诱导ALI时,肺组织表达多种促凋亡酶(如过氧化物酶)的同时,也上调抗凋亡酶类。HO1是新近发现的具有抗凋亡作用的抗氧化酶类之一,诱导其表达,可抑制由LPS等介导的细胞凋亡、减轻损伤,而阻断其作用则加重损伤、促进细胞凋亡[24]。为证实HO1的上述作用,我们采用静脉注入LPS复制大鼠ALI模型,观察阻断HO1对LPS诱导ALI大鼠肺细胞凋亡及损伤的影响。

 

  一、材料与方法

  1. 主要材料

  雄性SD大鼠(体重200~250g),南京医科大学动物实验中心提供;脂多糖(E.coli O111;B4)及锌原卟啉(ZnPP)购自美国Sigma公司;TRIZOL总RNA提取试剂、反转录和PCR扩增所需酶和其他试剂购自美国Promega公司,扩增仪为美国Bio-Rad;膜联蛋白-V-异硫氢酸萤光素(Annexin-V-FITC)、碘化吡锭(PI)购自美国BD PharMingen公司,检测细胞凋亡流式细胞仪为FACS Vantage SE,美国BD公司。

  2.方法

  1)动物分组及模型制备:18只雄性SD大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,1%戊巴比妥钠30 mg/kg腹腔内注入麻醉。ALI组静脉注入LPS 5 mg/kg,对照组注入生理盐水,ZnPP预处理组注入ZnPP 10 umol/kg 10 min后注入LPS 5 mg/kg,各只大鼠注入液体总量相同。

  2)标本采集:观察3 h,1%戊巴比妥钠20 mg/kg腹腔内注入麻醉,剖腹自腹主动脉放血处死,剖胸剪开肺动脉和肺静脉,自肺动脉用4℃生理盐水充分肺灌洗,取右下肺组织一块,放入10%福尔马林中固定备检,余右肺用网搓法制成单细胞悬液备检。取左肺制作组织匀浆,TRIZOL法提取总RNA备检。

  3)指标检测:①腹主动脉血经血气分析仪(美国Roche OMNI S6)测定PaO2、SaO2和COHb。②参照文献[4],由南京医科大学组胚教研室用SqRT-PCR盲法检测HO1 mRNA。HO1上游引物5’-AAGATTGCCCAGAAAGCCCTGGAC-3’,下游引物5’-AACTGTCGCCACCAGAAAGCTGAG-3’,扩增片断长395 bp。β-actin上游引物5’-ATGGATGATGATATCGCCGCG-3’,下游引物5’-TCTCCATGTCGTCCCAGTTG-3’,扩增片断长240 bp。本实验中,使用0.5 μg总RNA,HO1和β-actin PCR扩增条件:HO1:94℃预变性3 min,94℃变性1 min,54℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,32个循环;β-actin:94℃预变性3 min,94℃变性1 min,55℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min,32个循环。扩增产物经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,半定量用Tiger 920G成像系统扫描,测两者积分光密度比值。③参照文献[4],采用Annexin-V/PI双染色流式细胞仪法,由南京医科大学细胞检测中心盲法检测细胞凋亡。将制备的单细胞悬液0.5 ml,在0~4℃,用70%乙醇固定30 min,1500 r/min离心4 min,去除上清液,加入1 g/L的Rnase 0.2ml,37℃孵育30 min,PBS清洗1次,再加入碘化吡锭(PT)1 ml(浓度50 mg/L),0~4℃暗处放置24 h~48 h,以480 nm氩激光激发,流式细胞仪双通道接受Annexin-V、PI,检测10000个细胞,ModFit 2.3分析软件绘制细胞周期分布图,计算正常二倍体峰前亚二倍体峰曲线下面积占整个分布曲线下面积的比例,用百分比表示细胞凋亡程度。④组织固定24 h后石蜡包埋,切片HE染色,由本院病理科医师用高倍光镜观察肺损伤程度。用Smith评分方法[5]对肺水肿、肺泡及间质炎症和出血、肺不张和透明膜形成,分别进行0~4分半定量分析,累加各项评分,每张病理切片均由本院两名病理科医师采用双盲评分,观察10个高倍视野,取20次评分均值。

  3.统计学处理

  采用SPSS 11.0统计软件分析。计量资料以表示,多组间的比较采用单因素方差分析,多组间两两比较采用最小显著法(LSD)。

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  二、结果

  1. COHb的变化

  ALI组明显升高,与正常对照组(0.82±0.43)%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ZnPP预处理(0.71±0.52)%明显降低,与ALI组(1.34±0.61)%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表1。

  2. HO1表达的变化

  ALI组HO1的表达(3.08±0.82)显著高于正常对照组(1.00±0.00,P<0.05,ZnPP预处理(1.40±0.19)明显低于ALI组、高于正常对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),表1、图1。

  3. 细胞凋亡的变化

  ZnPP预处理组细胞凋亡(9.15±1.56)%既高于正常对照组(0.12±0.03)%、也高于ALI组(3.18±0.51)%(P均<0.05,表1、图2~4。

  4.病理学变化

  对照组肺泡结构完整,肺泡腔内清晰,壁光滑,肺泡腔及间质内无渗出(图5)。ALI组肺泡腔及间质内广泛炎症细胞浸润,肺泡腔内有渗出液,肺泡隔增厚,肺泡及间质充血、出血,部分肺泡塌陷、不张,透明膜形成(图6)。ZnPP预处理组肺泡腔及间质炎症细胞浸润、充血、出血及肺泡塌陷、透明膜形成,比ALI组更加严重(图7)。

  5. 损伤评分变化

  ALI组(3.74±0.82)明显高于正常对照组(0.26±0.24) (P<0.05),ZnPP预处理组(6.92±2.37)既高于ALI组、也高于正常对照组(P均<0.01(表1)。

 

  三、讨论

  本实验结果显示,注入LPS增加肺细胞凋亡和HO1表达,而用HO1特异阻断剂ZnPP预处理则抑制ALI肺HO1表达,进一步诱导凋亡和损伤。I、II型肺泡上皮细胞,肺血管内皮细胞是维持肺功能的基本细胞。I型肺泡上皮细胞损伤或凋亡,肺泡结构破坏。II型肺泡上皮细胞损伤或凋亡,会导致肺泡萎陷和水肿。肺血管内皮细胞损伤或凋亡过度,内皮源性舒张因子释放减少,肺血管收缩,通气血流比例失调;内皮细胞凋亡还增强了白细胞、血小板粘附,粘附的白细胞、血小板活化,产生炎症级联放大反应,加速细胞凋亡。

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  血红素氧合酶1抗氧化、抑制细胞凋亡作用已得到证实,阻断其作用,损伤加重[2~4]HO1作为体内重要的抗氧化酶,在LPS注入后表达增加、活性增强[7,8]。HO1还可诱导自身表达,在再灌注损伤中起保护作用[9]。HO1的ALI保护作用与本身及其降解血红素代谢产物(胆绿素、Fe2+和CO)有关。HO能降解催化产生自由基和脂质过氧化的血红素,直接参与清除自由基,抑制前炎症介质产生,增加抗炎介质的表达,保护细胞避免凋亡[2~4,7~9]。HO1代谢产物胆绿素和其还原产物胆红素是强有力的抗氧化剂,胆绿素保护细胞脂质膜的过氧化,胆红素清除自由基,保护不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化,二者还能抑制炎症细胞的趋化、粘附,抑制由自由基和炎症介质诱导的细胞凋亡。HO1源性Fe2+和HO1本身能促进铁蛋白合成,减轻细胞内因高铁催化的脂质过氧化和Fenton反应[7],细胞内铁浓度降低,凋亡减少。CO作为HO1最重要的代谢产物,能阻止炎症细胞肺内浸润、抑制其活化及与细胞粘附,加快凋亡,终止炎症反应的扩大[10]。CO清除氧自由基,减轻自由基造成的损害,增强拮抗自由基诱导的凋亡;此外,CO还调控凋亡相关基因,保护细胞避免凋亡。

  HO1活性可通过检测血中COHb水平了解[8],本实验中,LPS注入后,HO1表达增加,COHb升高,提示HO1活性增强,在预先注入ZnPP后,HO1表达下降,活性亦降低。

  总之,脂多糖诱导大鼠肺组织HO1表达上调及细胞凋亡增加参与了ALI的发病,表达上调的HO1有助于抑制细胞凋亡,减轻肺损伤。

 

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