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全麻患者在异丙酚不同靶控浓度下罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数的影响

时间:2010-08-25 13:23:26  来源:安徽医科大学附属省立医院麻醉科  作者:

    【摘要】 目的  探讨异丙酚在不同靶控浓度下,罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数(Bispectral index,BIS)监测麻醉深度的影响。方法  ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级择期手术患者60例, 随机分为4组(n=15):实验组(R2R3)和对照组(C2 C3)。设定异丙酚初始效应室浓度(effect-site concentration ,Ce) 4. 0μg/mL,当患者镇静警觉评分(OAA/S 评分)≤1 时置入喉罩,机械通气,调节异丙酚靶控浓度,使Ce 维持在2. 0μg/mL 3. 0 μg/mL达到靶浓度后稳定20min,实验组(R2R3静脉注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵0. 6 mg/kg对照组(C2C3) 注射生理盐水(5ml)。记录异丙酚诱导前即刻T1静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水即刻(T2)、TOF消失为0T3)、TOF的第一个肌颤搐恢复到5%T4BISHRMAP值。结果  四组患者性别、年龄、体重之间差异无显著性差异( P > 0. 05) ;对照组T1T4各时点BIS值比较差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05) T2时比较,R2T3T4 BIS降低( P < 0. 05),但 R3组、C2C3组变化差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05)。实验组与相同异丙酚效应室浓度对照组比较,R2组、C2组与R3组、C3组在静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水前后变化差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05)结论  库溴铵BIS值的影响与镇静深度有关,异丙酚靶控浓度维持在2. 0μg/mL 较浅的镇静状态下,静脉注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵可引起BIS 数值的下降,但在3. 0μg/mL较深的镇静状态下,2ED95剂量的库溴铵BIS值无影响

 

    【关键词】, 罗库溴铵;脑电双频指数;靶控输注;镇静深度自从肌松药应用于

Influence of rocuronium on bispectral index during different effect-site concentration of propofol   SHEN Liang-yan,WEI Xin,FANG Cai. Department of Anesthesiology,Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230001China

    Abstract  Objective  To investgate whether rocuronium can affect bispcetral index during different effect-site concentration of propofol .Methods  Sixty ASA or patients undergoing elective surgery were enrollded in the study,based on Ce of propofol,the patients randomly divided into four groups (R2and R3)and(C2 and C3)(n = 15).When the Ce of propofol reached 4.0μg/mL and OAA/S score was below one,a laryngeal mask airway was inserted,Ce was then maintained at 2.0μg/mL or 3.0μg/mL for 20min.Rocuronium 2ED950. 6 mg/kg was gived in groups R2and R3, normal saline(5ml) was gived in the other two groups . BISheart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure(MAP)values were recorded before induction of propofol immediately(T1),injection rocuronium or normal saline immediately(T2),TOF reached 0(T3), The first TOF twitch of muscle recovered to 5 % (T4).Results There was no significant difference in sex, age, body weight among four groups(P > 0. 05). There was no significant difference in BIS between groups C2 and C3 whenT1T4(P > 0. 05).The BIS of T3and T4 were significantly lower than T2 in group R2P>0.05) but not in group R3, C2 and C3P>0.05).Compared with the same Ce,there was no significant difference between group R2,C2 and groupR3,C3(P>0.05). Conclusion  Rocuronium alters the BIS scores in moderately sedated patients but not in deeply sedated patients,the scores of BIS were decreased after a bolus 2 times ED95 of rocuronium when Ce of propofol set at2. 0μg/mL ,but Ce of propofol set at3. 0μg/mL,there were no change in BIS scores.

    Key words  Rocuronium; Bispectral index ;Target controlled infusion ;Depth of sedation

 

     脑电双频指数BIS)是监测镇静水平的脑电效应指标,已普遍用于临床麻醉。研究表明BIS受肌松药的影响[1 ]本研究拟探讨在 2. 0μg/mL 3. 0 μg/mL不同异丙酚效应室浓度下 静脉注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵BIS 值的影响,以进一步了解肌松药对脑电效应指标的影响。

监测资料和方法

 

一般资料  行择期非头面部手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄2455岁,体重4876kg,根据异丙酚的不同靶控浓度,随机分成四组(n=15):实验组(R2R3)和对照组(C2C3)。心、肝、肾、肺、中枢性神经功能未见异常,无神经肌肉阻滞药过敏史,无喉罩使用禁忌症,无长期服用镇静催眠或抗精神病药物。

麻醉与监测  所有患者均不用术前药,入室后开放左肘静脉通路,监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压MAP 和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2 。使用DSL-XP BIS 监测仪(Aspect公司,美国) 监测BIS值;手掌式定量肌松监测仪(华翔公司,中国)监测姆内收肌肌颤搐;TCI-1型输液泵(北京思路高高科技发展有限公司) 靶控输注(TCI 异丙酚批号:EK733,AstraZeneca 公司,意大利) ,麻醉诱导设定异丙酚的初始效应室浓度(effect-site concentration ,Ce) 4. 0μg/mL ,当患者镇静警觉评分(OAA/S 评分) 1 时置入喉罩,机械通气,潮气量8 ml/ kg 呼吸频率1015 / 分,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压PETCO2 3540 mm Hg调节异丙酚靶控浓度,使Ce 维持在2.0μg/mL 3.0 μg/mL达到靶浓度后稳定20min[期间启动肌松监测仪的自动校准设置,进行肌松定标,调整肌颤搐幅度,待第1次肌颤搐稳定在100 % 5min后,给予四个成串刺激法 TOF,刺激电流4060mA,脉冲宽度0.2ms频率2 Hz串间距15s]。实验组(R2R3静脉注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵(批号:905993 ,荷兰欧加农公司0. 6 mg/kg 另外2 组对照组(C2 C3) 注射生理盐水(5ml)。麻醉诱导过程中,由同一医师进行托下颌及置入喉罩操作。

监测项目  记录异丙酚诱导前即刻T1静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水即刻(T2)、TOF消失为0T3)、TOF的第一个肌颤搐恢复到5%T4BISHRMAP

统计学处理   采用SPSS 14. 0 统计学软件分析,计量资料以均数 ±s 表示,组内比较采用重复测量数据的方差分析,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用χ2 检验, P < 0. 05 为差异有统计学意义。

结果

 患者一般情况  见表1。由表1可见,4组性别比、年龄、体重比较差异均无统计学意义( P > 0. 05)

1.png

 监测指标的变化  对照组T1T4各时点BIS值比较差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05) T2时比较,R2T3T4 BIS降低( P < 0. 05),但 R3组、C2C3组变化差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05)。实验组与相同异丙酚效应室浓度对照组比较,R2组、C2组与R3组、C3组在静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水前后变化差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05),见表2

 

2.png

 

   各组患者静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水前后各时点血流动力学稳定,HRMAP变化差异无统计学意义( P > 0. 05) ,见表3

 

3.png

 讨论

 

     BIS能有效地监测异丙酚的镇静程度[2,3,4],但可能受到肌电活动的干扰,影响监测结果的准确性。Bruhn [5 ] 2000 年首次报道了2 例由肌电活动变化而非镇静深度改变引起的BIS 数值变化。

本研究结果显示,在异丙酚Ce 2. 0μg/mL的浅麻醉状态下,R2 组注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵后,随着肌颤搐的抑制BIS出现明显降低,其原因可能为:一方面,肌松药引起BIS数值降低可能与其采集脑电图的波谱范围有关,BIS 采集47Hz 以下的信号,而肌电信号的频率范围是30300 Hz ,所以BIS包含一部分肌电信号,所以额肌肌电活动可能混入脑电图的测量信号之中,使BIS计算出伪值。肌颤搐抑制后,额肌肌电活动对BIS的干扰被消除[6,7]Messner [8]发现,清醒志愿者静脉注射1.5mg/kg琥珀胆碱后BIS值迅速降低,于此同时,额肌EMG活动亦随之消失,BIS的恢复与额肌EMG活动的恢复显示出了很好的相关性;另一方面,肌颤搐的抑制使得镇静水平加深,从而使BIS降低。肌肉松弛可减少来自肌肉牵拉感受器的信号,而根据“肌梭传入理论”肌肉的收缩和舒张可增加大脑觉醒中枢的传入信号,肌肉松弛后,觉醒中枢传入信号减少,故肌松药可间接影响意识状态水平。本研究结果表明,异丙酚Ce 3. 0μg/mL 的深度镇静状态下给予罗库溴铵后BIS无明显变化,可能原因是,当患者处于深度镇静时,肌肉的紧张度已降低对维持大脑兴奋状态的作用很小同时头面部肌肉的自主活动也减弱此时使用罗库溴铵对肌电活动的影响有限BIS则不再出现明显变化。

    综上所述,库溴铵BIS值的影响与镇静深度有关,异丙酚靶控浓度维持在2. 0μg/mL 较浅的镇静状态下,静脉注射2ED95剂量的库溴铵可引起BIS 数值的下降,但在3. 0μg/mL较深的镇静状态下,2ED95剂量的库溴铵BIS值无影响。因此,BIS应用于临床时,需要考虑肌肉松弛情况对其监测价值的影响。

 

 

 

 

 

参考文献

 

[1]  Liu N, Chazot T, Huybrechts I,et al.The Influence of a Muscle Relaxant Bolus on Bispectral and Datex-Ohmeda Entropy Values During Propofol-Remifentanil Induced Loss of Consciousness. Anesth. Analg, 2005,101: 1713 - 1718.

[2]  C. Lefoll-Masson, C. Fermanian, I. Aime, et al.The Comparability of Bispectral Index and State Entropy Index During Maintenance of Sufentanil-Sevoflurane-Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia. Anesth. Analg,2007,105: 1319 - 1325.

[3]  Bonhomme V, Deflandre E, Hans P. Correlation and agreement between Bispectral Index and state Entropy of the electroencephalogram during propofol anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia ,2006,97:340-346.

[4]  M. Iannuzzi, E. Iannuzzi, M. Chiefari,et al.Bispectral index and state entropy of the electroencephalogram during propofol anaesthesia .British Journal of Anaesth, 2007,98: 145 - 145.

[ 5]  Bruhn J , Bouillon TW, Shafer SL. Electromyographic activity falsely elevates the bispectral index . Anesthesiology , 2000 ,92 :1485-1487.

[6 ]  Jensen EW, Litvan H , Revuelta M,et al.Cerebral state index during propofol anesthesia: a comparison with the bispectral index and the A-line ARX index. Anesthesiology, 2006,105: 28-36.

[ 7]  Luis I. Cortínez, Alejandro E. Delfino, Ricardo Fuentes ,et al.Performance of the Cerebral State Index During Increasing Levels of Propofol Anesthesia: A Comparison with the Bispectral Index. Anesth. Analg, 2007,104: 605 - 610.

[8]  Messner M, Beese U , Romstock J , et al. The bispectral index declines during neuromuscular block in fully awake persons. Anesth Analg , 2003 , 97 :488-491.

 

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