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帕瑞昔布用于妇科腹腔镜术后镇痛的观察

时间:2010-08-24 10:59:24  来源:卫生部北京医院麻醉科100730  作者:张宏业 左明章

[摘要]  目的  观察围术期应用帕瑞昔布对妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛的影响。 方法  前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究,选择ASA III级的择期全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术病人40例,年龄25~45岁,随机分为帕瑞昔布组和安慰剂组,每组20例,帕瑞昔布组于切皮前10min、切皮后12h24h分别静注帕瑞昔布40mg,安慰剂组于切皮前10min、切皮后12h24h分别静注生理盐水5ml,用视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue ScaleVAS)观察术后2h4h6h12h24h的疼痛强度和病人对镇痛的满意度。 结果  与安慰剂组相比,帕瑞昔布组的术后2h4h6h12h24hVAS评分明显降低(P<0.05),手术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高(P<0.05) 结论  静注帕瑞昔布用于妇科腹腔镜手术,能有效缓解术后疼痛,提高病人术后镇痛质量。

[关键词]  环加氧酶抑制药;镇痛;妇科手术;腹腔镜

责任作者及联系方式:左明章;Email: zuozuo2000cn@yahoo.com.cn

 

Observation of postoperative analgesia of intravenous parecoxib after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery

Hong-ye ZhangMing-zhang Zuo

Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing HospitalBeijing 100730China

Corresponding authorMing-zhang ZuoEmailzuozuo2000cn@yahoo.com.cn

[Abstract]  Objective  To observe the postoperative analgesic effect of perioperative intravenous parecoxib in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.  Methods  This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study.40 ASA I or II patients aged 25~45yr undergoing selective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to 2 groups (n=20)the parecoxib group received intravenous parecoxib 40mg at 10 minutes before incision and 12 hours and 24 hours after incisionhowever, the placebo group received 5ml normal saline instead of parecoxib at the same time. The intensity of algesia was measured using VAS score (1-10, 0=no pain, 10=worst pain) , and recorded at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours after operation. The patients’ global evaluation of postoperative analgesia was recorded and compared between two groups.  Results  The VAS scores at the different time points was significantly less in parecoxib group than in placebo group (P<0.05). The patients’ global evaluation of postoperative analgesia was higher in parecoxib group than in placebo group (P<0.05).  Conclusion  Parecoxib given intravenously can effectively relieve postoperative algesia and improve postoperative analgesia after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

[Key words]  Cyclooxygenase inhibitorsAnalgesiaGynecologic surgeryLaparoscopy

 

腹腔镜手术虽然具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优点,但仍存在术后疼痛,尤其是术后24 h内。手术后阿片类药物镇痛引发恶心、呕吐、镇静、皮疹及尿储留等副反应;非选择性非甾体抗炎药可能引起胃肠道溃疡和出血等并发症;帕瑞昔布是高选择性环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂伐地昔布前体的氨基酸化合物,静脉注射后迅速转化成伐地昔布。本研究拟评价围术期应用帕瑞昔布对妇科腹腔镜术后疼痛的作用。

 

一、资料与方法

 

1.一般资料 年龄25~45岁,ASA III级,2009~2010年我院择期在全麻下行妇科腹腔镜 (子宫肌瘤剔除、卵巢囊肿切除) 手术治疗的患者40,术前肝肾功能、凝血功能检查正常,无阿司匹林类药物及磺胺类药物过敏史,无活动性消化道溃疡或胃肠道出血,无严重心脑血管疾病,无慢性疼痛病史,术前4周未曾服用过阿片类药物或非甾体类抗炎药。符合条件的病人随机分为帕瑞昔布组和安慰剂组,每组各20例。

2.给药方法  患者术前常规禁食禁饮,入室后开放外周静脉,行心电图、血压、脉搏、氧饱和度监测,两组患者麻醉诱导均依次静注舒芬太尼2μg/kg、丙泊酚1.5~2.0mg/kg、维库溴铵0.1mg/kg,插入气管导管后机控呼吸,麻醉维持采用吸入七氟醚1.5~2.0%N2O/O2 1.5/1.5L/min,术中根据生命体征变化情况间断静注舒芬太尼和维库溴铵。根据随机分组于切皮前10min切皮后12h24h分别静注帕瑞昔布40mg或生理盐水5ml。术后两组均未行患者自控镇痛,术后因疼痛难忍而强烈要求使用镇痛药者肌注哌替啶50mg,肌注哌替啶者不再继续进行VAS评分。

3.观察指标  (1).疼痛强度:用视觉模拟评分法(VAS),评价术后2h4h6h12h24h静息时和活动后(咳嗽或者由平卧位坐起时)疼痛强度;(2). 术后24h镇痛满意度:用10分法询问患者对镇痛的整体满意度,“0”分表示最不满意,“10”分表示最满意。(3).作为镇痛的补救措施:肌注哌替啶的时间、次数。

4.统计学处理  采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行统计分析,所有数据以均数标准差(`x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用c2检验。P<0.05为差异有显著性。

 

二、结果

 

1.完成病例数及相关临床资料  共完成病例数40例,其中帕瑞昔布组20例,安慰剂组20例,两组间一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1

2.两组间VAS评分的比较  帕瑞昔布组术后2h4h6h12h24h的静息时和活动后VAS评分均明显低于安慰剂组(P<0.05)。见表2、表3

1.png

2.png

 

3.png

 

3.两组间镇痛满意度的比较  帕瑞昔布组24h镇痛满意度(8.1±1.2)明显高于安慰剂组(5.2±0.9)(P<0.05)

4.两组间镇痛补救措施的比较  帕瑞昔布组术后需要肌注哌替啶的为0例,安慰剂组术后需要肌注哌替啶的为5例,均在术后4~8h肌注,两组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)

 

三、讨论

 

在对疼痛形成机制的研究中发现,手术切割导致的损伤一方面直接刺激局部伤害性感受器引起疼痛,另一方面,损伤局部产生各种致痛因子,而作为其中最重要的致痛因子之一,前列腺素既可直接激活局部伤害性感受器,又可降低局部伤害性感受器的阈值从而产生外周痛觉过敏,而且,除了受损组织外,中枢神经元前列腺素也有一定程度的增加,并导致中枢痛觉过敏[1]。非甾体抗炎药通过抑制环氧化酶(COX)活性,阻断花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素、前列环素和血栓素A:而产生抗炎、解热和镇痛作用[2-4]1992年证实了COX的异构体COX-2,并认识到非甾体类抗炎药的消炎镇痛作用主要是抑制膜磷脂-花生四烯酸-前列腺素代谢途径中的COX-2的活性。

传统的非选择性非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)在抑制COX-2的同时抑制COX-1会导致损伤血小板功能,引起术后出血,胃肠道溃疡等不良反应,限制了其在临床中的应用。帕瑞昔布钠为水溶性药物,本身没有抑制COX-1COX-2的作用,但帕瑞昔布静脉注射后被肝脏酶水解,迅速转变成伐地昔布[5], 伐地昔布是高选择性COX-2抑制剂,对COX-2的抑制作用是COX-128 000[6]。帕瑞昔布能够抑制中枢和外周的COX-2过量表达,降低术后痛觉过敏,抗炎镇痛[7]单剂量和多剂量帕瑞昔布在口腔科、妇科开腹手术、骨科和腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术后具有明确的镇痛作用,和麻醉性镇痛药同时用于术后镇痛可以减少吗啡用量,提高病人镇痛满意度[8-15]。本研究结果显示,在妇科腹腔镜手术病人,围术期静注帕瑞昔布能明显降低患者术后疼痛强度,提高镇痛满意度,为治疗围术期疼痛提供了更大的灵活性,加速患者的术后恢复。

 

参考文献

 

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(2)  Power IBarratt S. Analgesic agents for the postoperative period: nonopioids. Surg Clin North Am 199979275-295

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(4)  Lipsky LPAbramson SBCrofford Let al. The classification of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. J Rheumatol199825:2298-2303.

(5)  Karim ALaurent A Slater ME et al.  A pharmacokinetic study of intramuscular (i.m.) parecoxib sodium in normal subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;41(10):1111-9.

(6)  Penning TDTalley JJBertenshaw SRet al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 15-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] benze nesulfonamide (SC-58635celecoxib). JMed Chem199740:1347-1365.

(7)  Koppert WWehrfritz AKörber Net al. The cyclooxygenase isozyme inhibitors parecoxib and paracetamol reduce central hyperalgesia in humans. Pain. 2004 Mar;108(1-2):148-53.

(8)  Tang JLi SWhite PF et al. Effect of parecoxiba novel intravenous cyclooxygenase type-2 inhibitoron the postoperative opioid requirement and quality of pain control. Anesthesiology200296:1305-1309.

(9)  Malan TP JrMarsh GHakki SIet al. Parecoxib sodiuma parenteral cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitorimproves morphine analgesia and is opioid-sparing following total hip arthroplasty. Anesthesiology200398:950-956.

(10)  Kranke PMorin AMRoewer Net al. Patients’ global evaluation of analgesia and safety of injected parecoxib for postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg200499:797-806.

(11)  吴新民,岳云,张丽萍,等.术后镇痛中帕瑞昔布钠对吗啡用量的节俭作用和安全性、前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究.中华麻醉学杂志,200727(1)7-10. 

(12)  Eugene R.Joseph SAndreas Met al. A Multiple-Day Regimen of Parecoxib Sodium 20 mg Twice

Daily Provides Pain Relief After Total Hip Arthroplasty. Pain Medicine2008 Aug: Vol. 107, No. 2652-660.

(13) Akaraviputh T, Leelouhapong C, Lohsiriwat V, et al. Efficacy of perioperative parecoxib injection on postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized study. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr 28;15(16):2005-8.

(14) Langford RM, Joshi GP, Gan TJ, et al. Reduction in opioid-related adverse events and improvement in function with parecoxib followed by valdecoxib treatment after non-cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29(9):577-90.

(15) Jirarattanaphochai K, Thienthong S, Sriraj W, et al. Effect of parecoxib on postoperative pain after lumbar spine surgery: a bicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Jan 15;33(2):132-9.

 

 

 

 

 

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